Dampak Ganda Artificial Intelligence terhadap Keamanan Data Konsumen: Perspektif Hukum dan Etika Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59944/jipsi.v5i4.2120Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, Privasi konsumen, Tata kelola AI, Etika Islam, Perlindungan dataAbstract
Adopsi artificial intelligence (AI) memperkuat deteksi anomali dan penipuan, tetapi juga memperluas risiko profiling, inferensi atribut sensitif, dan kebocoran melalui model. Kajian ini menganalisis dampak ganda tersebut serta merumuskan tata kelola perlindungan data konsumen yang memadukan kontrol teknis, kewajiban hukum Indonesia, dan etika Islam. Tinjauan literatur integratif menggunakan 24 artikel jurnal inti, enam buku teoretis, serta dokumen kebijakan; tiga kajian etika Islam ditambahkan sebagai lensa normatif. Artikel dipilih berdasarkan relevansi AI, privasi konsumen, dan keamanan data, kemudian disintesis secara tematik menurut siklus hidup data dan model. Sintesis menunjukkan bahwa manfaat deteksi adaptif dan privacy-enhancing technologies bergantung pada minimisasi data, pengujian kebocoran, pembatasan akses, dan pengawasan manusia. Sebaliknya, personalisasi tanpa kendali tujuan meningkatkan risiko intrusi dan menurunkan kepercayaan. Kebaruan kajian terletak pada enam gerbang tata kelola yang memetakan bukti literatur ke kontrol yang dapat diaudit, dengan prinsip amanah, keadilan, kemaslahatan, dan pencegahan mudarat sebagai landasan lintas tahap. Kerangka ini memberi pedoman praktis berupa inventaris data, penilaian risiko model, pengelolaan persetujuan dan hak konsumen, serta evaluasi insiden. Temuan bersifat konseptual dan masih memerlukan pengujian empiris.
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Regulasi dan Kebijakan
Republik Indonesia. (2022). Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi.
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