Information Technology-Based School Governance and SNBP Outcomes in Public Senior High Schools in Malang City

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between school governance practices and publicly reported SNBP outcomes at seven public senior high schools in Malang City during 2023–2025. Using a qualitative descriptive-comparative multiple-case design, the study analyzes secondary data from school documents, local media, and the National Selection for University Admission Committee (SNPMB). Governance practices are examined through four dimensions: school policies and strategies, accountability and student-data mapping, stakeholder involvement, and digital academic-data management. The findings reveal differences among schools. SMAN 1 Malang emphasized study-program mapping involving students, parents, and guidance counsellors; SMAN 3 focused on digital learning infrastructure; SMAN 4 developed external partnerships; SMAN 5 maintained a consistent school-development strategy; SMAN 6 showed an increase in reported SNBP outcomes; and SMAN 8 faced emerging challenges related to AI governance. The change in the national SNBP quota from 30% to 20% in 2024 is considered an important contextual factor when comparing results across years. The study suggests that consistent governance, accountability, stakeholder coordination, and effective data use may be associated with differences in SNBP outcomes. However, the findings do not establish a causal relationship. This study contributes to educational governance research by applying corporate governance perspectives and selected COBIT 2019 principles to public secondary schools