Dinamika Laïcité dan Tantangan Integrasi Islam di Prancis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59944/jipsi.v5i3.1381Keywords:
Laïcité, sekularisme Prancis, integrasi Islam, Islamofobia, anti-separatismeAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji dinamika Laïcité sebagai prinsip sekularisme Prancis yang lahir dari Undang-Undang Pemisahan Gereja dan Negara tahun 1905, serta implikasinya terhadap integrasi komunitas Muslim. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desaun studi kasus tunggal dan analisis isi terhadap dokumen kebijakan, pernyataan resmi, dan literatur akademik. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa laïcité telah bergeser dari prinsip netralitas negara menjadi instrumen pembatasan ekspresi keagamaan, khususnya terhadap Islam yang merupakan agama kedua terbesar di Prancis dengan populasi diperkirakan mencapai 8,8% penduduk 2017 dan terus meningkat. Regulasi seperti larangan simbol agama di sekolah negeri, larangan burkini, serta Undang-Undang Anti-Separatisme di bawah pemerintahan Emmanuel Macron memicu perdebatan mengenai batas antara netralitas republik dan komunitas Muslim Prancis bersifat multidimensional, meliputi steorotip media, restriksi pendidikan agama, dan marjinalisasi sosial-ekonomi, meskipun komunitas ini tetap berkonstribusi aktif melalui lembaga pendidikan swasta seperti Lycée Averroés. Penelitian ini beragumen bahwa ekspansi regulatif laïcité pasca serangan teror dan Undang-Undang Anti-Separatisme telah menghasilkan pola Islamphobia struktural sebagaimana dikonseptualisasikan dalam literatur Islamophobia studies kontemporer, sehingga diperlukan reformasi kebijakan yang mengakomodasi keberagaman tanpa mengorbankan prinsip sekularisme itu sendiri.
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