Penerapan Restorative Justice dalam Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Keracunan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG): Tinjauan Hukum Acara Pidana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59944/amorti.v5i4.2021Keywords:
restorative justice, investigation, food poisoning, MBGAbstract
The Free Nutritious Meal Program (Makan Bergizi Gratis/MBG), designed as a national strategic policy to fulfil children's rights to food and health, has instead triggered thousands of mass food-poisoning incidents across Indonesia, including a case in Karo Regency, North Sumatra, that left a victim with permanent neurological damage. This situation raises legal questions regarding the appropriateness of applying restorative justice during the investigation (penyidikan) of MBG poisoning offences, given that the approach is generally reserved for minor offences while the impact of MBG poisoning is often severe. This study aims to analyse the concept, legal basis, mechanism, and limitations of restorative justice in the investigation of MBG poisoning cases from the perspective of Indonesian criminal procedural law. The study employs a normative juridical method with statute and case approaches, supported by a literature review of legislation, national and international scholarly journals, and media reports on case developments. The findings show that restorative justice at the investigation stage is regulated under Police Regulation Number 8 of 2021 and Police Regulation Number 6 of 2019, subject to strict material and formal requirements and explicit exclusions for offences resulting in loss of life or serious injury and offences that disturb public order. MBG poisoning cases involving large numbers of victims and severe medical consequences may fail to satisfy the material requirements for restorative justice, requiring investigators to remain selective so that the approach is not misused to shield programme operators from criminal accountability. The implications are threefold: (1) the police need technical guidelines for large-scale food offences that require inter-agency case conferences before restorative justice is considered; (2) restorative justice may be considered only in a limited way, to compensate victims with minor harm, without halting the investigation of those suspected of negligence; and (3) policymakers should design a victim compensation scheme that does not depend on the completion of criminal proceedings.
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