Perkembangan Ilmu Qirā'āt: Dinamika Transmisi, Kodifikasi, dan Sistematisasi Bacaan Al-Qur'an dalam Khazanah 'Ulūm al-Qur'an

Abstract

The science of qirā’āt is one of the major branches of ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān that plays a strategic role in preserving the authenticity of Qur’anic recitations through a continuous chain of transmission (sanad) traced back to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. This study aims to analyze the development of qirā’āt from three main aspects: the dynamics of transmission, the process of codification, and the systematization of Qur’anic recitations within the intellectual history of Islam. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research and a historical-critical method. The data sources include classical qirā’āt literature and contemporary academic studies discussing the history of Qur’anic transmission and the development of ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Data analysis was conducted through content analysis by examining the development of qirā’āt from the period of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, the Companions, and the Tābi‘īn to the codification of qirā’āt sab‘ah and qirā’āt ‘ashrah. The findings reveal that the science of qirā’āt developed through a transformation from an oral tradition based on talāqqī and musyāfahah into a structured discipline with established methodologies, classifications, and scientific validation standards. The codification of qirā’āt demonstrates that the authority of Qur’anic recitation was constructed upon authentic chains of transmission, conformity with the Uthmānic Muṣḥaf script, and Arabic linguistic principles. This study concludes that the science of qirā’āt represents a dynamic scholarly system that preserves the continuity of Qur’anic transmission while enriching the intellectual tradition of Qur’anic studies.